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whats the least painful way to kill yourself

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Suicide via suspension from an anchor-point

For information on methods of suicide intervention, see Suicide prevention.

Early 20th century engraving of a woman discovering a suicide by hanging

Suicide past hanging is the intentional killing of oneself (suicide) via suspension from an anchor-point such as an overhead beam or hook, by a rope or cord or by jumping from a height with a noose around the neck.

Hanging is frequently considered to be a simple suicide method that does not require complicated techniques; a study of people who attempted suicide by hanging and lived usually suggests that this perception may not exist accurate.[i] It is ane of the nigh commonly used suicide methods and has a high mortality rate; Gunnell et al. gives a figure of at least lxx pct.[2] The materials required are easily bachelor, making it a hard method to prevent.[two] In the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, suicides past hanging are classified nether the code X70: "Intentional self-impairment by hanging, strangulation, and suffocation."[3] [iv]

Hanging is divided into suspension hanging and the much rarer drop hanging⁠ ⁠— the latter can kill in various means. People who survive either because the string or its ballast point of attachment breaks, or because they are discovered and cutting down, tin face a range of serious injuries, including cerebral anoxia (which can lead to permanent brain impairment), laryngeal fracture, cervical spine fracture, tracheal fracture, pharyngeal laceration, and carotid avenue injury. Ron M. Chocolate-brown writes that hanging has a "fairly imperspicuous and complicated symbolic history".[five] There are commentaries on hanging in antiquity, and it has diverse cultural interpretations. Throughout history, numerous famous people have died due to suicide by hanging.

Medical effects and treatment

People who survive hanging written report seeing flashing lights and hearing ringing sounds.[half-dozen] The neck of people who are hanged are usually marked with furrows where the ligature had constricted the neck. An inverted V mark is likewise often seen.[7] Because of the pressure on the jaw, the natural language is sometimes protruding, causing it to dry out.[eight] Depending on the circumstances, petechiae may be present on the eyes, face, legs, and feet.[viii] [9] Cervical spine fractures are rare unless the hanging is a drib hanging,[10] which usually causes an injury known as hangman's fracture.[11] Suspension hanging ordinarily results in cerebral hypoxia and decreased muscle tone around the cervix.[12] According to Aufderheide et al., the most common cause of death of hangings is cerebral hypoxia.[13]

Virtually people who are hanged dice before they are found; the term "nearly hanging" refers to those who survive (at to the lowest degree for a while—for example, until they accomplish infirmary).[14] [15] Initial treatment of survivors follows the "usual priorities of airway, breathing, and apportionment (ABC)". Treatment should exist "directed at airway control with endotracheal intubation, ventilation using positive terminate expiratory pressure (PEEP), and hyperventilation with supplemental oxygen to command intracranial force per unit area".[16] One study of people who experienced virtually-hanging who were treated appropriately at hospital found that 77 percent of them survived.[fourteen]

Prevalence

Ixtab (Rope Woman), the ancient Maya goddess of suicide by hanging. Nether sure circumstances, suicide was considered an honorable way to die and Ixtab would human action as a psychopomp for these individuals.

Co-ordinate to Anton J. L. van Hooff, hanging was the most common suicide method in archaic and pre-industrial societies.[17] A 2008 review of 56 countries based on World Health Organization bloodshed data found that hanging was the most common method in most of the countries,[xviii] bookkeeping for 53 pct of the male person suicides and 39 pct of the female suicides.[19]

In England and Wales, hanging is the most normally used method, and is peculiarly prevalent in the group of males aged 15–44, comprising about half of the suicides in the group. Information technology is the second virtually mutual method among women, behind poisoning. In 1981 hanging accounted for 23.5 percent of male suicides, and past 2001 the figure had risen to 44.2 percent.[three] The proportion of hangings equally suicides in 2005 amid women anile fifteen–34 was 47.2 percent, having risen from 5.7 percent in 1968.[20] In the Usa information technology is the 2nd most common method, behind firearms,[21] and is by far the most mutual method for those in psychiatric wards and hospitals.[22] Hanging accounts for a greater pct of suicides among younger Americans than among older ones.[23] Differences be among indigenous groups; research suggests that hanging is the nearly common method among Chinese and Japanese Americans.[24] Hanging is also a frequently used method for those in custody, in several countries.[2]

Process

In general, there are two methods of hanging: suspension hanging (the suspension of the body at the neck) and drop hanging (a calculated driblet designed to pause the neck). Manual strangulation and suffocation may likewise be considered all together with hanging.[25]

To perform a suspension hanging, a rope or other ligature is tied into a noose which goes around the neck, a knot (oftentimes a running knot, which tightens hands) is formed, and the other end of the rope is tied to a ligature point; the trunk is and so suspended, which tightens the ligature around the cervix.[ citation needed ]

Regardless of the fabric used to form the noose, intermission hanging will kill the person in three ways: pinch of the carotid arteries, the jugular veins, or the airway.[8] [26] About 11 lb (5 kg) of pressure is required to compress the carotid artery; 4.4 lb (ii kg) for the jugular veins;[8] and at least 15 kg (33 lb) for the airway.[14] The corporeality of time it takes to lose consciousness and die is difficult to predict accurately and depends on several factors. Some believe unconsciousness occurs in v seconds, though Alan Gunn writes that it mostly takes longer. Information technology took a man who filmed his hanging 13 seconds to go unconscious, 1 infinitesimal and 38 seconds to lose muscle tone, and 4 minutes and 10 seconds for musculus movement to cease.[27] [28] Full pause is not required; most hanging suicides are washed past partial interruption, according to Wyatt et al.[29] Geo Stone, writer of Suicide and Attempted Suicide: Methods and Consequences, suggests that expiry by obstruction of the airway is more painful than past the other ways.[25]

The aim of drib hanging, which is also often used in executions, is to intermission the neck. Participants autumn vertically with a rope attached to their neck, which when taut applies a strength sufficient to break the spinal cord, causing death.[25] [30] The length of the driblet, unremarkably between 1.56 and two.75 metres long, is calculated such that it is short enough to allow a less painful death, merely long enough to avoid leaving the person handicapped and alive.[31] This course of suicide is much rarer than interruption hanging[14] and is likely to be less painful.[32]

The bulk of deaths by hanging in the UK and U.s.a. are suicides, although at that place are some cases involving erotic asphyxiation.[16] Homicides may exist disguised as a hanging suicide.[33] Features that advise that the death is a homicide include the ligature marks existence under the larynx, scratch marks on the ligature, and the presence of significant injury on the peel of the neck.[eight]

Cultural aspects

Painting by Giotto depicting a person committing the sin of desperatio, the rejection of God'southward mercy, because while choked they are unable to ask for repentance.[34]

Historically, countries that have had a recent history of using hanging as a method of uppercase punishment tend to take a low charge per unit of hanging suicides, which may be because such suicides were regarded as shameful, according to Farmer and Rodhe.[35] [36] Hanging, with its connectedness to justice and injustice, is what the Department of Health and Aged Care of Commonwealth of australia calls a "particularly confronting display of resistance, defiance, individual control and accusatory arraign"; it is "a rebuke and statement of uncaring relations, unmet needs, personal ache, and emotional payback".[37] A 2010 study past the British Journal of Psychiatry that investigated the motivations of people who had made a near-fatal suicide endeavour found that those who had attempted a hanging considered information technology a painless, quick, simple, and clean method, while those who had opted for a different method held an opposing view.[38]

There is a popular belief in Chinese culture that the spirits of those who take died past suicide past hanging will haunt and torment the survivors, because they had died in rage and with feelings of hostility and acrimony.[39] Aroused and oppressed women would utilize this method equally an human activity of revenge.[40] Lee & Kleinman write that hanging, the most common method in traditional China, was the "concluding, but unequivocal, way of continuing withal confronting and above oppressive authorities, often with the suicidée ceremonially dressed prior to the ultimate act".[41]

In ancient Rome, death by hanging—suicide or otherwise—was regarded every bit specially shameful, and those who had died by this method were refused a burial.[42] Virgil'south Aeneid, for example, refers to the noose equally nodum informis leti ("the coil of unbecoming death").[43] Timothy Hill writes that there is no conclusive caption of why the stigma existed; information technology has been suggested that hanging was a method of the poor.[44] The Greeks considered hanging as a woman'southward death because many women had died past this method.[45] A study institute that, in literary sources, 1.5–ten percent and 30 percent of suicides in the Roman and Greek civilizations, respectively, were by hanging.[46]

Suicide by hanging is particularly common among Indigenous Australians, who have a high suicide rate, especially among immature men.[47] [48] Ernest Hunter and Desley Harvey suggest that hanging accounts for two-thirds of indigenous suicides.[47] Hanging has deep symbolic meanings in Indigenous Australian culture, beyond those attached to the act generally.[30] [49] Hanging appears in indigenous art, film, music, and literature.[fifty] At that place are reports of voices encouraging people to impale themselves, and of ghostly figures property a noose, but saying nothing.[51]

See also

  • Suicide prevention
  • List of suicide crisis lines
  • Ixtab

References

  1. ^ Biddle, Lucy; Donovan, Jenny; Owen-Smith, Amanda; Potokar, John; Longson, Damien; Hawton, Keith; Kapur, Nav; Gunnell, David (September 2010). "Factors influencing the decision to use hanging as a method of suicide: qualitative study". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 197 (4): 320–325. doi:x.1192/bjp.bp.109.076349. PMID 20884956. S2CID 4892401. Archived from the original on 31 Baronial 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Gunnell, D.; Bennewith, O; Hawton, 1000; Simkin, Due south; Kapur, N (2005). "The epidemiology and prevention of suicide past hanging: A systematic review". International Journal of Epidemiology. 34 (2): 433–42. doi:10.1093/ije/dyh398. PMID 15659471.
  3. ^ X70 Intentional self-harm past hanging, strangulation and suffocation Archived ii November 2014 at the Wayback Motorcar ICD-ten: 2007 version.
  4. ^ The Fine art of Suicide. Reaktion Books. p. 226.
  5. ^ Elsevier Comprehensive Guide. Elsevier India. 2009. p. 616. ISBN978-81-312-1620-0.
  6. ^ Dolinak, David; Matshes, Evan; Lew, Emma O. (2005). Forensic Pathology: Principles and Practice. Elsevier. p. 211. ISBN978-0-08-047066-5.
  7. ^ a b c d e Riviello, Ralph (ed) (2010). Manual of Forensic Emergency Medicine: A Guide for Clinicians. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 15–7.
  8. ^ Forensic Pathology, p. 213.
  9. ^ Gunn, p. 181.
  10. ^ Matsuyama, Takeshi; Okuchi, Kazuo; Seki, Tadahiko; Murao, Yoshinori (2004). "Prognostic factors in hanging injuries". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 22 (3): 207–10. doi:ten.1016/j.ajem.2004.02.012. PMID 15138959.
  11. ^ Hanna, South.J (2004). "A study of 13 cases of nigh-hanging presenting to an Blow and Emergency Department". Injury. 35 (3): 253–6. doi:10.1016/S0020-1383(03)00110-4. PMID 15124792.
  12. ^ Aufderheide, Tom P.; Aprahamian, Charles; Mateer, James R.; Rudnick, Eric; Manchester, Elizabeth Thousand.; Lawrence, Sarah Due west.; Olson, David W.; Hargarten, Stephen Due west. (1994). "Emergency airway management in hanging victims". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 24 (5): 879–84. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70206-three. PMID 7978561.
  13. ^ a b c d Adams, Nick (1999). "Near hanging". Emergency Medicine Australasia. xi: 17–21. doi:10.1046/j.1442-2026.1999.00314.x.
  14. ^ Wyatt, et al., p. 226.
  15. ^ a b Howell, G A; Guly, H R (1996). "Almost hanging presenting to an accident and emergency department". Emergency Medicine Journal. thirteen (ii): 135–136. doi:10.1136/emj.thirteen.2.135. PMC1342658. PMID 8653240.
  16. ^ Comprehensive Textbook of Suicidology, pp. 97–8.
  17. ^ Ajdacic-Gross, Vladeta; Weiss, MG; Ring, M; Hepp, U; Bopp, M; Gutzwiller, F; Rössler, W (2008). "Methods of suicide: international suicide patterns derived from the WHO mortality database". Bulletin of the World Health Arrangement. 86 (9): 726–32. doi:x.2471/BLT.07.043489. PMC2649482. PMID 18797649. Archived from the original on 23 September 2011.
  18. ^ O'Connor, Rory C.; Platt, Stephen; Gordon, Jacki. (eds) (2011). International Handbook of Suicide Prevention: Enquiry, Policy and Do. John Wiley & Sons. p. 34.
  19. ^ Biddle, 50.; Brock, A.; Brookes, Southward. T; Gunnell, D. (2008). "Suicide rates in young men in England and Wales in the 21st century: Time tendency study". BMJ. 336 (7643): 539–42. doi:10.1136/bmj.39475.603935.25. PMC2265363. PMID 18276666. .
  20. ^ "Suicide in the U.South.: Statistics and Prevention" Archived 24 October 2010 at the Wayback Automobile. National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved two August 2011.
  21. ^ (2001). Front Line of Defense: The Role of Nurses in Preventing Watch Events. Articulation Commission Resources. p. 91.
  22. ^ Comprehensive Textbook of Suicidology, pp. 290–1.
  23. ^ Maris, Ronald W.; Berman; Alan L.; Maltsberger, John T.; et al. (eds) (1992). Assessment and Prediction of Suicide. Guilford Press. p. 385.
  24. ^ a b c Rock.
  25. ^ Comprehensive Textbook of Suicidology, pp. 302–iii.
  26. ^ Sauvageau, Anny; Racette, Stéphanie (2007). "Agonal Sequences in a Filmed Suicidal Hanging: Analysis of Respiratory and Move Responses to Asphyxia by Hanging". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 52 (iv): 957–9. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00459.ten. PMID 17524058. S2CID 32188375.
  27. ^ Gunn, p. 187.
  28. ^ Wyatt, et al., p. 106.
  29. ^ a b Tatz, Colin (2001). Ancient Suicide is Unlike: A Portrait of Life and Self-Destruction. Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 65–half dozen.
  30. ^ Wyatt, et al., p. 107.
    • For the length, run into Miletich and Lindstrom.
  31. ^ Miletich and Lindstrom.
  32. ^ Wyatt, et al., p. 107.
  33. ^ Comprehensive Textbook of Suicidology, pp. 108–9.
  34. ^ Farmer, R.; Rohde, J. (1980). "Event of availability and acceptability of lethal instruments on suicide mortality AN ANALYSIS OF SOME INTERNATIONAL Information". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 62 (v): 436–46. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00632.x. PMID 7211428. S2CID 27848391.
  35. ^ Comprehensive Textbook of Suicidology, p. 292.
  36. ^ Hunter, et al., p. 22. For the second quote, see p. 24.
  37. ^ Biddle, L.; Donovan, J.; Owen-Smith, A.; Potokar, J.; Longson, D.; Hawton, K.; Kapur, N.; Gunnell, D. (2010). "Factors influencing the decision to use hanging as a method of suicide: Qualitative written report". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 197 (4): 320–5. doi:ten.1192/bjp.bp.109.076349. PMID 20884956.
  38. ^ H. X. Lee, Jonathan; Nadeau, Kathleen. (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Sociology and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 11.
    • Lee, Evelyn (1997). Working with Asian Americans: A Guide for Clinicians. Guilford Printing. p. 59.
  39. ^ Bourne, PG (1973). "Suicide amid Chinese in San Francisco". American Journal of Public Health. 63 (8): 744–l. doi:10.2105/AJPH.63.eight.744. PMC1775294. PMID 4719540.
  40. ^ Lee & al. (2003), p. 297. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLee_&_al.2003 (help)
  41. ^ Hill, p. 190.
    • Kyle, Donald Chiliad. (2001). Spectacles of Death in Ancient Rome. Routledge. pp. 131–2.
  42. ^ Edwards, Catharine (2007). Death in Ancient Rome. Yale University Press. p. 107.
    • See too: Langlands, Rebecca (2006). Sexual Morality in Aboriginal Rome. Cambridge University Press. p. 184.
  43. ^ Hill, p. 289.
  44. ^ Loraux, Nicole (1991). Tragic Ways of Killing a Adult female. Harvard University Press. pp. 9–10. Translated by Anthony Forster.
  45. ^ Murray, p. 499.
  46. ^ a b Hunter, Ernest; Harvey, Desley (2002). "Ethnic suicide in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States". Emergency Medicine Australasia. xiv (i): 14–23. doi:10.1046/j.1442-2026.2002.00281.x. PMID 11993831.
  47. ^ Graham, Anne; Reser, Joseph; Scuderi, Carl; Zubrick, Stephen; Smith, Meg; Turley, Bruce (2000). "Suicide: An Australian Psychological Order Give-and-take Paper". Australian Psychologist. 35: ane–28. doi:x.1080/00050060008257463.
  48. ^ Hunter, et al., pp. 21, 24.
  49. ^ Hunter, et al., p. 25.
  50. ^ Hunter, et al., pp. 25, 29–xxx.

Further reading

  • "The processes and physiology of judicial hanging". capitalpunishmentuk.org. Retrieved 9 August 2011. Archived 9 Baronial 2011.
  • Layton, Julia. "How does expiry by hanging work?". HowStuffWorks. Retrieved ix Baronial 2011.
  • Isle of mann, John Dixon (1908). Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. Taylor & Francis. pp. 208–13.
  • Bowen, David A.LL. (1982). "Hanging – A review". Forensic Science International. twenty (three): 247–9. doi:10.1016/0379-0738(82)90124-four. PMID 7141362.
  • Van Hooff, Anton J. Fifty. (1990). From Autothanasia to Suicide: Self-Killing in Classical Artifact. Routledge.
  • Simounet, C; Conservative, M (1992). "Suicides and attempted suicides past hanging". Annales médico-psychologiques. 150 (7): 481–5. PMID 1343195.
  • Pounder, Derrick J. (June 1993). "Why Are the British Hanging Themselves?". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. xiv (2): 135–forty. doi:10.1097/00000433-199306000-00006. PMID 8328433. S2CID 40274951.
  • Aufderheide, Tom P.; Aprahamian, Charles; Mateer, James R.; Rudnick, Eric; Manchester, Elizabeth Chiliad.; Lawrence, Sarah W.; Olson, David Westward.; Hargarten, Stephen W. (1994). "Emergency airway management in hanging victims". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 24 (v): 879–84. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70206-3. PMID 7978561.
  • Samarasekera, Ananda; Cooke, Clive (1996). "The Pathology of Hanging Deaths in Western Commonwealth of australia". Pathology. 28 (four): 334–8. doi:10.1080/00313029600169294. PMID 9007952. S2CID 43075665.
  • Kaki, Abdullah; Crosby, Edward T.; Lui, Anne C. P. (1997). "Airway and respiratory management following non-lethal hanging". Canadian Periodical of Anesthesia. 44 (4): 445–50. doi:10.1007/BF03014468. PMID 9104530.
  • Scott-Clark, C.; Levy, A. The Sunday Times Mag. 1 February 1998. pp. xiii–21.
  • Brancatelli, Thou.; Sparacia, Grand.; Midiri, Chiliad.; d'Antonio, V.; Sarno, C.; Lagalla, R. (2000). "Brain damage in hanging: A new CT finding". Neuroradiology. 42 (three): 209–ten. doi:ten.1007/s002340050048. PMID 10772145. S2CID 37717139.
  • Reser, Joseph P. (1999). "Indigenous suicide in cantankerous-cultural context" (PDF). Due south Pacific Journal of Psychology. 11 (2): 95–110. doi:10.1017/S0257543400000663.
  • Green, H.; James, R.A.; Gilbert, J.D.; Byard, R.W. (2000). "Fractures of the hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages in suicidal hanging". Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine. vii (3): 123–6. doi:10.1054/jcfm.2000.0419. PMID 16083660.
  • Elliott-Farrelly, Terri (2004). "Australian Aboriginal suicide: The demand for an Aboriginal suicidology?". Advances in Mental Health. 3 (3): 138–145. doi:10.5172/jamh.three.three.138. S2CID 71578621.
  • Oehmichen, Manfred; Auer, Roland N.; König, Hans Günter. (2006). Forensic Neuropathology and Associated Neurology. Springer Scientific discipline+Business Media.
  • Jevon, Philip; Bowden, David F.; Halliwell, David. (2007). Emergency Care and First Aid for Nurses: A Applied Guide. Elsevier. pp. 126–8.
  • Benomran, F.A.; Masood, S.Eastward.; Hassan, A.I.; Mohammad, A. A. (2007). "Masking and bondage in suicidal hanging". Medicine, Science and the Law. 47 (2): 177–180. doi:10.1258/rsmmsl.47.2.177. PMID 17520966. S2CID 32094890.
  • Dedouit, Fabrice; Tournel, Gilles; Bécart, Anne; Hédouin, Valéry; Gosset, Didier (2007). "Suicidal Hanging Resulting in Complete Decapitation – Forensic, Radiological, and Anthropological Studies: A Case Report". Periodical of Forensic Sciences. 52 (five): 1190–3. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00503.x. PMID 17645743. S2CID 8017102.
  • Yip, Paul S. F. (2008). Suicide in Asia: Causes and Prevention. Hong Kong University Press.
  • "Suicide and Suicide Prevention in Asia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011. (667 KB). World Health Arrangement. 2008. 30 July 2011. See webpage.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_by_hanging

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